Which psychological theory does Andrade reference to explain the benefits of doodling?

• A. Behaviorism
• B. Cognitive load theory
• C. Dual coding theory
• D. Constructivism

Answer: (C)

The correct answer is dual coding theory, which Andrade references to explain the benefits of doodling. Dual coding theory posits that information is processed through both verbal and visual channels in the brain. When individuals doodle, they engage in a visual representation of their thoughts while also processing verbal information. This dual engagement can enhance memory retention and understanding, as it allows for the integration of different types of information. Doodling, therefore, serves as a way to create visual cues that complement the spoken or written material, facilitating better cognitive processing.

While behaviorism primarily focuses on observable behaviors and the responses to environmental stimuli, it does not directly account for the cognitive processes involved in doodling. Cognitive load theory addresses the mental effort required to process information but does not specifically highlight the benefits of integrating visual representation like doodling does. Constructivism emphasizes the active role of learners in constructing their own understanding and knowledge, but it doesn't explicitly explain the cognitive advantages derived from doodling in relation to how information is encoded in memory.

By using dual coding theory, Andrade effectively articulates how doodling allows individuals to leverage both visual and verbal processing to improve learning outcomes.