Which aspect of the study involved ethical considerations regarding partial deception of the aim?

• A. Andrade: Good Ethics
• B. Andrade: Ethical Violations
• C. Andrade: Experimental Design
• D. Andrade: Participant Rights

Answer: (A)

The aspect of the study that involved ethical considerations regarding partial deception of the aim pertains to the principles of good ethics in research. In this context, good ethics encompasses the responsibility of researchers to ensure that participants are treated with respect and that the integrity of the research process is maintained while balancing the need for certain levels of deception to achieve valid results.

In Andrade's study, the use of partial deception was relevant because participants were not fully informed about the purpose of the doodling task within the experimental design. This decision was made to mitigate the potential influence of demand characteristics on the participants' behavior, thus allowing for more authentic data collection regarding the effects of doodling on memory retention. The ethical consideration here focuses on the justification of such deception and the ways it was managed to minimize harm. Providing participants with enough information to maintain their autonomy while still achieving the study's objectives exemplifies good ethical practice.

The other options involve different aspects of ethical consideration and research integrity. Ethical violations would specifically indicate a lapse in adherence to ethical standards, which was not the case here. Experimental design focuses more on the structural and methodological choices made during the study, and participant rights would relate primarily to informed consent and protection from harm rather than the specific ethical deliberation involved in implementing partial deception