What was NOT performed by the control group in Andrade's study?

• A. Doodling
• B. Listening
• C. Note-taking
• D. Visual tasks

Answer: (A)

The control group in Andrade's study did not engage in doodling, which was a key activity of the experimental group. By refraining from doodling, the control group created a baseline for comparison, allowing researchers to assess the effects of doodling on memory and recall during a listening task. The other activities listed—listening, note-taking, and visual tasks—were performed by the control group, which helped ensure that the only significant variable being tested was the act of doodling itself. This methodology allows for clearer conclusions regarding the cognitive effects associated specifically with doodling, illustrating how it may aid in maintaining focus and improving memory retention during monotonous tasks.