What experimental method did Andrade use to assess the effects of doodling?

• A. Surveys and qualitative interviews
• B. Controlled experiments with various tasks
• C. Observational studies in classrooms
• D. Focus groups discussing doodling

Answer: (B)

Andrade utilized controlled experiments with various tasks to assess the effects of doodling. This approach allowed her to systematically manipulate specific variables and observe the outcomes on participants' memory and attention. By using controlled experiments, she was able to create a standardized environment for all participants, minimizing external factors that could influence the results. This method is particularly effective in establishing cause-and-effect relationships, making it possible to draw more reliable conclusions about how doodling impacts cognitive processes.

In contrast, the other methods listed, such as surveys, observational studies, and focus groups, typically provide descriptive insights or qualitative data rather than direct evidence of causal relationships. These methods can be valuable in exploring people's perceptions or experiences with doodling but do not allow for the same level of control and manipulation as controlled experiments. This distinction highlights the strength of Andrade's approach in providing clear evidence regarding the cognitive benefits of doodling.