What demographic factors did Andrade consider in the doodling study?

• A. Only age and prior knowledge
• B. Only gender
• C. Age, gender, and prior familiarity with the material
• D. Socioeconomic status and educational background

Answer: (C)

In Andrade's study on doodling, she considered a combination of demographic factors, which included age, gender, and prior familiarity with the material. This comprehensive approach allowed her to analyze how these characteristics might influence the effects of doodling on memory retention and attention. By incorporating age and gender, Andrade could explore potential variations in how different segments of the population engage with doodling. Additionally, prior familiarity with the material was crucial because it helps determine how much prior knowledge could affect the outcomes of the doodling process. This multi-faceted demographic consideration enhances the robustness of the findings, providing deeper insights into the cognitive benefits of doodling across diverse groups.