How did Andrade define 'doodling' in her research?

• A. As structured drawing during active learning
• B. As any form of artistic creation
• C. As spontaneous, non-structured drawing
• D. As a form of note-taking

Answer: (C)

Andrade defined 'doodling' as spontaneous, non-structured drawing, which emphasizes the informal and instinctive nature of this activity. This definition reflects the idea that doodling is not about producing a final product or adhering to artistic standards; instead, it serves as a cognitive tool that engages the mind in a relaxed yet active manner. Through this type of drawing, individuals can process information and stimulate creative thinking without the pressure often associated with more structured forms of artistic expression or note-taking. This understanding positions doodling as a beneficial activity that can enhance focus and memory retention during tasks like listening and learning.